The King’s Decree: Maintaining Order in the Ancient City (Manusmriti 9.225)
Often interpreted as those who are habitually violent or "crooked" in their behavior, constantly causing harm to others. Heretics (Pāṣaṇḍasthān): manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
Cultural Nuance: Different commentators offer variations on the identities of these groups. For example, some interpret "cruel men" (kruran) as those with "crooked behavior," while others identify "actors" (kusilavan) as individuals sharp enough to entrap others. Modern Perspective The King’s Decree: Maintaining Order in the Ancient
Context and implications:
This verse shows that the ancient "State" didn't just care about violent crime—it cared about the character of the city. Banishment wasn't just a punishment; it was a way of "cleaning" the urban environment to ensure that the "good citizens" could thrive without temptation or disruption. Manusmriti Verse 9.225 manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
The Defenders’ Argument: